Difference Between TCP and UDP Protocols

TCP and UDP both are transport layer protocol. They both use for process to process communication. Here I am going to discuss about "Difference Between TCP and UDP Protocols".

What is the Difference Between TCP and UDP Protocols?

1. TCP is a Transmission Control Protocol and UDP is a User Datagram Protocol.

2. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol but UDP is a connection-less protocol.
Connection-oriented means there is first establish connection before transmission and after transmission connection release.
In connection-less there is no need to call setup and call release. There is not send acknowledgement from receiver side so not detection of errors.

3. TCP is a reliable protocol but UDP is a unreliable protocol.

4. TCP packet is called as segment but UDP packet is called as datagram.

5. TCP is used for reliable and large data transfer from source to destination but UDP is used for small message transfer between stations and does not much care about reliability.

6. TCP supports error control but UDP does not support error control.

7. TCP is powerful protocol but UDP is a powerless protocol.

8. TCP is a Heavyweight protocol but UDP is a Lightweight protocol.

9. In TCP, there are control transmission of segment if any segment is loss then retransmit from source to destination but In UDP there is not retransmit loss datagram.

10. In TCP segment transfer in a sequence but In UDP there is not any sequence or order of data transmission.

11. TCP transmission speed is slower than UDP protocol.


Examples: TCP used in WWW, web services, HTTP, FTP, Telnet, IMAP etc.
UDP used in buffering of online audio and video, DNS, online games and other multimedia application where transmission speed matters more than completeness etc.

C Program to Swap Two Numbers

It is a sample c program to swap two number.

Program Source Code

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void swap(int,int);
void main()
{

int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter value of a:-");
scanf("\n%d",&a);
printf("\n Enter value of b:-");
scanf("\n%d",&b);
printf("\n\n a before swapping is:--%d",a);
printf("\n\n b before swapping is:--%d",b);
swap(a,b);
printf("\n\n a after swapping is:--%d",a);
printf("\n\n b after swapping is:--%d",b);
getch();

}
void swap(int x,int y)
{
int t;
t=x;
x=y;
y=t;
printf("\n\n a in swapping is:--%d",x);
printf("\n\n b in swapping is:--%d",y);
}

Output

C Program to Calculate Factorial of a Number

It is a sample c program to calculate factorial of a number.

Program Source Code

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void main()
{
int fact=1,i,n;
clrscr();
printf("\n ***FIND THE FACTORIAL NUMBER OF ANY
NUMBER***");
printf("\n Enter the value of n:--");
scanf("\n %d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
printf("\n factorialis:-- %d",fact);
}
getch();
}

Output

C Program to Check Largest Number in Two Variable

It is a sample C program to check largest number in two variable.

Program Source Code

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("***PRINT LARGEST VALUE AMONG TWO OR MORE
NUMBER***");
printf("Enter the value of a:--");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter the value of b:--")
scanf("%d",&b);
if(a>b)
{
printf("a is greater");
}
else
{
printf("b is greater");
}
getch();
}

Output

Program in C to Find Even or Odd Number

It is a sample c program to find even or odd number.

Program Source Code

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void main()
{
int n ;
clrscr();
printf("\n ***Check 'even' ** or ** 'odd'**** ");
printf("\n Enter the number to check:-- ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if (n%2==0)
printf("\n Given no is even:--");
else
printf("\n Given no is odd:--");
getch();
}

Output

C Program to Check String is Palindrome or Not

It is a sample C language example. It is a string palindrome program which accept a string from user.
It checks that accepted string is a palindrome string or not. If string or string reverse is as same as then this string is a palindrome string. It means read string same in both forward or backward direction.

Aim - C program to check whether the accepted string is palindrome or not.

Program Source Code

//C Program to check accepted string is palindrome or not
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
int isPallindrome(char *);
void main()
{
  int a;
  char str1[30];
  clrscr();
  printf("\n******String Palindrome******\n");
  printf("Enter a string: ");
  gets(str1); // accept string from user
  a=isPallindrome(str1);  /*function calls, accept string as argument and return flag value*/

  if(a)
   printf("\nstring: %s is a palindrome string",str1);
  else
   printf("\nstring: %s is not a palindrome string",str1);
  getch();

}


int isPallindrome(char *str2)
{
   int i,j,flag=1;

   for(i=0,j=strlen(str2)-1; i<j; i++, j--)
 {
    if(str2[i]!=str2[j]) /*starts checking from ends of string to middle*/
  {
    flag=0; /*if reverse of string is not same than return 0*/
    break;
  }

 }
   return(flag);
}

Output1
******String Palindrome******
Enter a string: MADAM
string: MADAM is a palindrome string

Output2
******String Palindrome******
Enter a string: HELLO
string: HELLO is not a palindrome string

Sample resume for freshers

Hi Guys, This it the time of campus recruitment and many final year and pre final year students are looking for resume. Here I am sharing a sample resume for fresher. If you are fresher then this format will help you for initiating your resume. This very simple resume style with all basic details. Sample Resume for Freshers

Please share other resume formats with us. Thank you.

C Program to Find Armstrong Series

It is a sample c program to generate Armstrong number series from 1 to 1000. 

Program Source Code
//C Program to Find All Armstrong Number between 1 to 1000.
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void main()
{
  int no,r,sum=0,i;
  clrscr();
  printf("\n\n***The Armstrong No. Series Between 1 and 1000 are:***  ");
  for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
  {
   sum=0;
   no=i;
   while(no!=0)
   {
    r=no%10;
    no=no/10;
    sum=sum+(r*r*r);
   }
   if(sum==i)
    printf("\n%d",i);
  }
   getch();
}

Output

C Program for Check Armstrong Number

It is a sample C program to find accepted number is Armstrong number on not.


Program Source Code

//Write a program to check accepted number is armstrong number or not.
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
void main()
{
  int i,no,r,sum=0;
  clrscr();
  printf("*******Armstrong Number******");
  printf("\n Enter a number");
  scanf("%d",&no);
  i=no;
  while(no!=0)
   {
    r=no%10;
    sum=sum+(r*r*r);
    no=no/10;
   }
   if(sum==i)
    printf("Number is a Armstrong number\n");
   else
    printf("Number is not a armstrong number\n");
   getch();
}

Output

Find Fibonacci Series Using Recursion in C Programming

It is sample C program which demonstrate how to use recursion concept in c programming. Here is a recursion program which accept a number from user and generate Fibonacci series using recursion.

Program Code

//Find Fibonacci Series Using Recursion in C Programming
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
fibonacci(int n);
void main()
{
 int n,r,i;
 clrscr();
 printf("********** Fibonacci Series Using Recursion *********\n");
 printf("enter a number: ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 printf("\n\n");

 for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
 {
  r=fibonacci(i);
  printf("\t%d",r);
 }
 getch();
}

fibonacci(int n)
{
 int f;
 if((n==1)||(n==2))
  return(1);
 else if(n==0)
  return(0);
 else
  f=fibonacci(n-2)+fibonacci(n-1);
 return(f);
}

Output

C Program With Recursion: Find Factorial Using Recursion in C Programming

It is a sample program example which demonstrate recursion in C programming. It is a factorial program with recursion. Accept number from the user and generate factorial of accepted number using recursion.

Program Code

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
fact(int n);
void main()
{
 int n,r;
 clrscr();
 printf("************* Find Factorial of Number Using Recursion *************");
 printf("\n enter a number ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 r=fact(n);
 printf("\n Factorial of %d is =  %2d\t",n,r);
 getch();
}

fact(int n)
{
 int f;
 if((n==0)||(n==1))
  return(1);
 else
  f=n*fact(n-1);
 return(f);
}

Output

Function Example in PL/SQL Oracle

It is a sample pl/sql oracle example which have a function cube1 and a program. When a function calls accepted number(no) from user is passed as a argument and output of cube1 function is return value to variable(res).

Aim - PL/SQL program to accept a number from user and display its cube(num^3) value using function.

Function:-
First Execute Function PL/SQL block

create or replace function cube1(no in number) return number IS result number(8);
begin
  result:=(no*no*no);
  return result;
exception
  when no_data_found then
  return 'error';
end;

Program: -
Second Execute PL/SQL Program

declare
 no number(5);
 res number(10);
begin
  no:=&no;
  res:=cube1(no);
  dbms_output.put_line('Cube of ' || no || ' is '|| res);
end;

Output: -
Enter value for no: 6
old 5: no:=&no;
new 5: no:=6;
Cube of 6 is 216

Exception Handling Program in PL/SQL Oracle

It is a sample PL/SQL Oracle exception handling program to handle errors. It is used for error tolerance and error avoidance.
In Pl/SQL exception is used to handle run time errors. When a run time error occurs then it moves to exception handler block in PL/SQL program.

Aim -PL/SQL program to perform exception handling.

Program: -

declare
  empn emp.empno%type;
  row_type1 emp%rowtype;
begin
  empn:=&empn;
  select * into row_type1 from emp where empno=empn;
  dbms_output.put_line('Name: '||row_type1.ename);
  exception when NO_DATA_FOUND then
  dbms_output.put_line('No such employee');
end;

Output: -

Enter value for empn: 7566
old 5: empn:=&empn;
new 5: empn:=7566;
Name: JONES

Enter value for empn: 1001 /* Such employee number(empno) is not in emp table */
old 5: empn:=&empn;
new 5: empn:=1001;
No such employee

PL/SQL Procedure Sample Example

It is a sample PL/SQL Oracle example using procedure.
When create a procedure IN and OUT keyword used during pass parameters. IN is used to pass values to the procedure and OUT is used to return values to the caller.

Aim - PL/SQL Oracle program to add two numbers using procedure.

Procedure: -
create or replace procedure add_proc(n1 IN number,n2 IN number, tot OUT number)as
begin
tot:=n1+n2;
end;

Sample Program Code: -

declare
 num1 number(3);
 num2 number(3);
 result number(4);
begin
 num1:=&num1;
 num2:=&num2;
 add_proc(num1,num2,result);
 dbms_output.put_line('Addition is: '||result);
end;

First execute only the PL/SQL procedure part then fire program. In this program first execute the add_proc procedure than execute the PL/SQL program.


Output: -
When Execute Procedure then we get output like:
Procedure created.


When Execute Program then:
Enter value for num1:
old 6: num1:=&num1;
new 6: num1:=23;
Enter value for num2: 34
old 7: num2:=&num2;
new 7: num2:=34;
Addition is: 57

Check Number is Armstrong in PL/SQL Programming

It is a sample pl/sql program to take input a number from user and it checks accepted number is Armstrong or not.

Aim - PL/SQL program to check whether number is Armstrong or not.

Program:-

declare
  pnum number(5);
  tot number(5);
  lp number(3);
  tmp number(5);
begin
  pnum:=&pnum;
  tmp:=pnum;
  tot:=0;
  while tmp>0
  loop
    lp:=tmp mod 10;
    tot:= tot + (lp*lp*lp);
    tmp:=floor(tmp/10);
  end loop;
  if(tot like pnum) then
    dbms_output.put_line(pnum||' is armstrong.');
  else
    dbms_output.put_line(pnum||' is not armstrong.');
  end if;
end;

Output: -
Enter value for pnum: 153
old 7: pnum:=&pnum;
new 7: pnum:=153;
153 is armstrong.

Reverse a Number in PL/SQL Programming

It is a sample PL/SQL program to take input a number form user and print reverse of accepted number.

Aim - PL/SQL Program to accept a number from user and print number in reverse order.

Program: -

declare
  num1 number(5);
  num2 number(5); 
  rev number(5);
begin
  num1:=&num1;
  rev:=0;
  while num1>0
  loop
    num2:=num1 mod 10;
    rev:=num2+(rev*10);
    num1:=floor(num1/10);
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('Reverse number is: '||rev);
end;

Output: -
Enter value for num1: 12345
old 8: num1:=&num1;
new 8: num1:=12345;
Reverse number is: 54321

Basic LOOP Program in PL/SQL

It is a PL/SQL program which show how to use basic loop concept in PL/SQL block.

Aim - PL/SQL program to print 1 to 10 using basic loop.

Sample Program: -

declare
  num number(3);
begin
  num:=1;
  loop
     dbms_output.put_line(num);
     num:=num+1;
     exit when num>10;  
  end loop;
end;

Output: -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

PLSQL FOR Loop Example

It is a basic FOR loop example program which is demonstrate how to use FOR loop in PL/SQL block. FOR loop use in PLSQL is quite differ with C program FOR loop syntax. In PLSQL you should specify the range of integer to execute the sequence of statements.

Syntax

FOR variable IN start..end
LOOP
 PL/SQL block statements
END LOOP;

Sample Example to print number 1 to 10 using FOR loop.

Aim - pl/sql program to print 1 to 10 using FOR loop

Program Code: -

declare
  num number(3);
begin
  for num in 1..10
 loop
  dbms_output.put_line(num);
 end loop;
end;

Output: -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10



Another example to print 1 to 10 in reverse order using FOR loop.
Syntax
FOR variable IN REVERSE start..end
LOOP
PL/SQL block statements
END LOOP;

Aim - program to print 1 to 10 in reverse order using FOR loop.

Program Code: -

declare
  num number(3);
begin
  for num in  REVERSE 1..10
 loop
  dbms_output.put_line(num);
 end loop;
end;

Output: -
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

PLSQL Example Find Even Odd Number

It is a sample plsql example code to find accepted number is even or odd and print output with friendly message.

Even or Odd Number
Even number is a number which is completely divided by 2 and reminder is 0 like 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ..
Odd number is a number which is completely not divided by 2 and reminder is not 0 like 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ..

Aim - PLSQL Example to find accepted number is even or odd

Program Code : -

declare
  num number(5);
begin
  num:=#
  if num mod 2 =0 then
    dbms_output.put_line('Accepted Number '||num||' is even');
  else
    dbms_output.put_line('Accepted Number '||num||' is odd');
  end if;
end;

Output of PLSQL Block:-
Enter value for num: 10
old 5: num:=&num
new 5: num:=10;
Accepted Number 10 is even

PL/SQL Example to find average of three numbers

This is a PL/SQL sample example to accept three numbers from the user and find average of accepted numbers.

Aim - PL/SQL Example to find average of three numbers

Sample Program : -

declare
  a number(3);
  b number(3);
  c number(3);
  avgr number(5,2);
begin
  a:=&a;
  b:=&b;
  c:=&c;
  avgr:=((a+b+c)/3);
dbms_output.put_line('Average of a, b, c is: '||avgr);
end;


Output of PL SQL Block: -

Enter value for a: 22
old   7:   a:=&a;
new   7:   a:=22;
Enter value for b: 32
old   8:   b:=&b;
new   8:   b:=32;
Enter value for c: 43
old   9:   c:=&c;
new   9:   c:=43;
Average of a, b, c is: 32.33

PL/SQL program to generate Fibonacci series

It is a sample example of generate fibonacci series upto 10 numbers.

Aim - PL/SQL program to generate Fibonacci series.

PLSQL Sample Program: -

declare
  f1 number(3);
  f2 number(3);
  f3 number(3);
  num number(3);
begin
  f1:=0;
  f2:=1;
  f3:=0;
  num:=1;
  while num<=10
  loop
 dbms_output.put_line(f3);
 f1 :=f2;
 f2:=f3;
 f3:=f1+f2;
 num:=num+1;
  end loop;
end;

Output of PL SQL Block: -
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34

PL/SQL Program to reverse a string

This is a sample PLSQL example to accept a string from user and print reverse of accept string.

Aim - PL/SQL Program to reverse a string.

Sample PLSQL Program: -

declare
  str1 varchar2(30);
  len number(3);
  str2 varchar2(30);
  i number(3);
begin
  str1:='&str1';
  len:=length(str1);
  for i in reverse 1..len
   loop
    str2:=str2 || substr(str1,i,1);
   end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('Reverse string is: '||str2);
end;




Output of PL SQL Block: -
Enter value for str1: hello
old   6:   str1:='&str1';
new   6:   str1:='hello';
Reverse string is: olleh