Principles of Testing - Software Testing Principles

Testing is a process to expose hidden defects. It is detecting errors and deviations from specification. It is verifying that a system satisfies its specified requirements or not. Here discuss principles of testing.

Seven General principles of Software testing

Principle 1. Exhaustive Input Testing
Exhaustive input testing means test all possible input condition as test cases. Test for all valid and invalid input conditions. But it is impossible to test a system for all input test cases.

Principle 2. Testing is creative and difficult
Second principle of testing is "testing is creative and difficult". Yes it requires creativity. It requires extensive domain knowledge. It also requires good testing methodology.

Principle 3. Prevention of defects
It is a procedure to fixing errors. If we find defects in early stages of development then its cost of fixing is less. Cost of fixing of any defect is too higher in later stages. So it's better to go with preventive approach.

Principle 4. Testing is risk based
Testing is risk based process. A risk is a loss associated with an event. Risk can be economical.
Suppose I try to test one module of system. I got some defects. I solved defects but due to modification some more defects appear in same module or other modules. So it is risky process. Sometime it increases the cost of testing.

Principle 5. Testing must be planned
Test planning is essential. Test Planning helps to solve many problems in system. Test plan covers points like requirement of testing, test priority, cost of testing, test team, test strategy, test tools etc. These factors effect on testing.

Principle 6. Testing requires independence
Testing must be unbiased. Unbiased testing is essential to objectively test quality of software. If testing is done by same developer who develop it then it may be biased. Developer can be an emotional attachment with its development. Developer who has to test his or her program parts will tend to be too optimistic. Chances of “blindness to their own errors”. So require to testing done by other than developer to make unbiased.

Principle 7. Provide expected results
It is important principle of testing. Test is done to check system is fulfilling user requirement or not. System must provide expected results. Testing checks that system pre defined specifications achieved or not.

 

String Reverse Example in Java Programming

It is a sample string reverse example. In this program read array of string from user and give output array of reverse string.
Here use StringBuffer class and create object name[] of StringBuffer class. Use method reverse() to reverse inserted string.

Program Code

//developed by Om Prakash
import java.util.*;
class StringReverse
{
public static void main(String argv[])
{
int size;
Scanner console=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("*******STRING REVERSE*******");
System.out.print("How many string do you want to enter : ");
size=console.nextInt();
StringBuffer name[]=new StringBuffer[size+1];
String temp;
int i;
System.out.println("Enter "+size+" string : ");
for(i=0;i<=size;i++)
{
temp=console.nextLine();
name[i]=new StringBuffer(temp);
}
System.out.println("String after Reverse");
for(i=0;i<=size;i++)
{
name[i].reverse();
System.out.println(name[i]);
}
}
}

Output

Java AWT vs SWING

Difference between Java AWT and SWING
1. AWT(Abstract Window Toolkit) is a heavy weight but Swing is a light weight.

2. Swing feel and look better than AWT components.

3. Swing is a pure java components but AWT native components.

4. AWT not have complex components but Swing has additional components like JTable, JProgressBar, JSlider, JTree etc.

5. Applet list has scrollbar but Swing JList does not support scrolling but this can be done using scrollPane.

6. Applet not support MDI(multiple document interface) window but Swing support MDI.

7. Applet default layout is FlowLayout but Swing default layout is BorderLayout.

8. AWT menu item cannot have images or radio buttons or checkboxes but Swing menu item can have images or radio buttons or checkboxes.

9. AWT do not have JMV(Java Model Viewport) but All swing components have JMV.

10. In AWT, components can be added directly on the Frame or window but in Swing while adding components on Frame or window, they have to be added on its content pane.

11. Swing has more powerful and flexible components than AWT.

Applets vs Applications - How Applets Differ From Applications

Java Applets and Java applications have many similarities but there are some differences between applets and applications.
1. Applets not use main() method but applications have main() method.

2. Applets execute in web browser or it embedded with web browser but java applications execute normally.

3. Applets are small programs to do specific task but applications are large programs.

4. Applets must extends java.applet.Applet class but java applications start execution with main() method.

5. Applets can not use libraries from other languages such as C or C++ but applications supports this by native methods.

6. Applet can not run independently. It run in webpage but application runs independently.

7. Applets not able to read or write files from local computer but applications can do such task.

8. Applets can not communicate with other servers on the network.

9. Applets have a life cycle with init(), start(), stop(), paint(), destroy() methods but applications not have such methods.

Java Applet Animation Program for Moving Car

Hello friends, this is a Java applet program of moving car. In this java program draw a car. Car moves left to right direction on the screen continuously. Here use concepts of applet life cycle, multithreading.

Program Code: Applet_Animation.java

//Java Applet Animation Program  
//Developed by: Om Prakash Vishnoi
import java.awt.*; //import package
import java.applet.*; // import package
/*
<applet code=Applet_Animation width=1000 height =500>
</applet>
*/
public class Applet_Animation extends Applet implements Runnable
{
 int col,col1, row;
 int angle;
 Thread th;
 int x,y;
 public void init()   //initilize applet cycle
 {
  col=50;
  col1=col+220;
  row=400;
  angle=0;
  repaint();
 }
 public void start()   //start applet
 {
  th=new Thread(this);
  th.start();
 }
 public void run()  //run applet
 {
  for(int i=0;;i++)
  {
  try
  {

   Thread.sleep(100);
   repaint();
  }
  catch(InterruptedException e){}
  }
 }
 public void paint(Graphics g)  //draw on screen
 {

  Color c1=new Color(255,255,255);
  Color black = new Color(0,0,0);
  Color c2=new Color(255,0,0);
  Color c3=new Color(0,255,0);
  Color c4=new Color(0,0,255);
  Color c5=new Color(150,150,150);
  Color c6=new Color(190,160,160);
  g.setColor(c2);
  g.drawString("Developed By: Om Prakash Vishnoi",100,100);
  g.setColor(c1);  
  g.setColor(black);
//Car Designing  
  g.drawLine(col+47, row-4, col1-10, row-4); //connection line of wheel cover
  g.drawLine(col-47, row-4, col-10, row-4); //back wheel cover to back line- engine down line
  g.drawLine(col1+10, row-4, col1+80, row-4); //front wheel cover to front line
  g.drawLine(col-47, row-4, col-47, row-60); //back panel line
  //silencer
  g.drawLine(col-47, row-7,col-57,row-7 );
  g.drawLine(col-47, row-15,col-57,row-15 );  
  g.drawArc(col-58, row-15, 4, 8, 0, 360);

  g.drawLine(col1+80, row-4, col1+80, row-60); //engine front line
  g.drawLine(col-47, row-60, col, row-60); //back panel line
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row-60, col1+80, row-60); //engine up line
  g.drawArc(col, row-130, 240,140,15,165);  //uper arc
  g.drawLine(col1+18,321, col1+18,340);
//red light
  if(col%5==0)
   g.setColor(c2);
  else
   g.setColor(c1);

  g.fillArc(col+150, row-145, 15,40, 0,180); 
  g.setColor(black);
  g.drawArc(col+40, row-100, 50, 80, 0, 180); //back mirror
  g.drawLine(col+40, row-60, col+90, row-60);  //back mirror down line
  g.drawArc(col1-70, row-100, 50,80,0,180); //front mirror
  g.drawLine(col1-70, row-60,col1-20, row-60); //front mirror back line
  
//back wheel cover
  g.fillArc(col-9, row-28, 58,50, 0, 180);
  g.setColor(c1);
  g.fillArc(col-5, row-25, 50,50, 0, 180);
  
//front wheel cover
  g.setColor(black);
  g.fillArc(col1-9, row-28, 58,50, 0, 180);
  g.setColor(c1);
  g.fillArc(col1-5, row-25, 50,50, 0, 180);
 
//back wheel
  g.setColor(c3);
  g.drawOval(col,row-20,40,40);

//back wheel spikes
  g.setColor(c2);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+45));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+45));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+90));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+90));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+100));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+100));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+135));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+135));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+145));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+145));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+180));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+180));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+190));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+190));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+225));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+225));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+235));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+235));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+280));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+280));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+325));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+325));
  g.drawLine(col+20, row, x, y);

//front wheel
  g.setColor(c3);
  g.drawOval(col1,row-20,40,40);
//front wheel spikes
  g.setColor(c2);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+45));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+45));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+90));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+90));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+100));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+100));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+135));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+135));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+145));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+145));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+180));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+180));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+190));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+190));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+225));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+225));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+235));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+235));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+280));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+280));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  x=(col1+20)+(int)(20*Math.sin(angle+325));
  y=(row)+(int)(20*Math.cos(angle+325));
  g.drawLine(col1+20, row, x, y);
  String str=x+"  "+y;
  if(col%3==0)
  {
   g.setColor(c6);
   g.fillOval(col-90, row-30, 5,8);
   g.fillOval(col-90, row-15, 5,8);
   g.fillOval(col-90, row, 5,8);
  }
  if(col%3==1)
  {
   g.setColor(c5);
   g.fillOval(col-80, row-20, 3,5);
   g.fillOval(col-80, row-5, 3,5);
  }
  if(col%3==2)
  {
   g.setColor(black);
   g.fillOval(col-68, row-10, 3,4);
  }
  angle+=1;
  if(col==1500)
  {
   col=-300;
   col1=col+220;
  }
  else
  {
   col+=1;
   col1+=1;
  }
 }
}

Output
Java Program Name: Applet_Animation.java

C Program to Generate Analog Clock Using Graphics

It is a sample C program to generate analog clock using graphics in c programming. You run this code and enter the time Hour, Minutes and Second and press Enter. You will get Analog clock that start from your set time.

Program Code

//C program For Analog Clock
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int xm,ym,i,j,k,hrs,min,sec;
clrscr();
// Entering the correct and current time with verification
printf("Enter the current time\n Hours: ");
scanf("%d",&hrs);
printf("Minutes: ");
scanf("%d",&min);
printf("Seconds: ");
scanf("%d",&sec);

while (hrs<=0||hrs>12)
 {
 printf("Enter the correct hour:");
 scanf("%d",&hrs);
 }

while (min<0||min>=60)
 {
 printf("Enter the correct minute:");
 scanf("%d",&min);
 }

while (sec<0||sec>=60)
 {
 printf("Enter the correct second:");
 scanf("%d",&sec);
 }

//   Initilization of graphics mode
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
xm=getmaxx();
ym=getmaxy();

//   Generating the gasic outline of the clock
for(i=0;i<3;i++)         //   Drawing outer circle in dark
 circle(xm/2,ym/2,200+i);

setcolor(4);

for (i=-1;i<2;i++)      //Drawing the 2 vertical lines in thick
 {
 line(xm/2+i,ym/2-200,xm/2+i,ym/2-170);
 line(xm/2+i,ym/2+200,xm/2+i,ym/2+170);
 }

for (i=-1;i<2;i++)        //Drawing 2 horizontal lines in thick
 {
 line(xm/2-200,ym/2+i,xm/2-170,ym/2+i);
 line(xm/2+200,ym/2+i,xm/2+170,ym/2+i);
 }

setcolor(15);

for (i=1;i<12;i++)                  //Drawing the remaining lines in light
 if ((i!=3)&&(i!=6)&&(i!=9))
  line(xm/2+200*cos(3.14*i/6),ym/2+200*sin(3.14*i/6),xm/2+170*cos

(3.14*i/6),ym/2+170*sin(3.14*i/6));

// outtextxy(xm/2+50,ym/2+225,"CLOCK MADE BY  D VAMSI KRISHNA");

// Setting the error in hours hand
if (hrs==12)
 hrs=0;
if (hrs==11)
 hrs=-1;
if (hrs==10)
 hrs=-2;
if (hrs==9)
 hrs=-3;


k=sec;
j=min*60+i;
i=hrs*60*60+j;

//   Drawing the lines of minutes hours n seconds and updating it regularly
while(!kbhit())
 {
  
 setcolor(9);
 outtextxy(xm/2-60,ym/2+75,"D VAMSI KRISHNA");
 setcolor(14);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+100*cos(0.000145*i-1.570),ym/2+100*sin(0.000145*i-1.570));
 circle(xm/2+100*cos(0.000145*i-1.570),ym/2+100*sin(0.000145*i-1.570),3);
 setcolor(3);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+125*cos(0.001745*j-1.570),ym/2+125*sin(0.001745*j-1.570));
 circle(xm/2+125*cos(0.001745*j-1.570),ym/2+125*sin(0.001745*j-1.570),3);
 setcolor(5);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+150*cos(0.1047*k-1.570),ym/2+150*sin(0.1047*k-1.570));
 //circle(xm/2+150*cos(0.1047*k-1.570),ym/2+150*sin(0.1047*k-1.570),3);
 delay(1000);

 setcolor(0);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+100*cos(0.000145*i-1.570),ym/2+100*sin(0.000145*i-1.570));
 circle(xm/2+100*cos(0.000145*i-1.570),ym/2+100*sin(0.000145*i-1.570),3);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+125*cos(0.001745*j-1.570),ym/2+125*sin(0.001745*j-1.570));
 circle(xm/2+125*cos(0.001745*j-1.570),ym/2+125*sin(0.001745*j-1.570),3);
 line(xm/2,ym/2,xm/2+150*cos(0.1047*k-1.570),ym/2+150*sin(0.1047*k-1.570));
 //circle(xm/2+150*cos(0.1047*k-1.570),ym/2+150*sin(0.1047*k-1.570),3);

 if (i==32400)
  i=-10800;
 if (k==60)
  k=0;
 if (j==3600)
  j=3600;

 i++;
 j++;
 k++;

 }
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Output

Difference Between White Box And Black Box Framework

What is reuse of framework?

Reuse - It is advantage of object oriented development. Object oriented approach has a unique feature of inheritance. In this child class acquires properties of parent class. It reduces the development time of a project. No need to rewrite same code again.

Framework - It is a set of classes that work together to achieve a purpose but that must be specialized internally by the designer.

Difference between white box framework and black box framework

1. In white box framework, where developer often needs to know the detailed implementation of framework but in black box framework consists of components that hide their internal implementation.

2. In white box framework less range of flexibility but in black box grater range of flexibility. Developers can choose different components and classes in black box framework. In white box have to show complete details but in black box has flexibility. Developers can select which data to show and which data to hide.

3. In developing, white box framework easy to develop compare to black box because no need to analyses about what data to be hide and what data to be show. In white box complete data is available and all internal information also available. No level of abstraction in white box so easy to develop.

4. White box framework always comes with source code but black box not comes with source code.

5. White box framework requires deep understanding of framework implementation but black box not require deep knowledge of framework development.

Gray Box Framework: A Hybrid Framework of White Box and Black Box
Gray-box frameworks take both inheritance and composition approach, is usually made up with combination of abstract classes and concrete classes. When developing an application framework, there is no requirement that the framework contain either all abstract classes or all concrete classes. In business application sometimes need to inherit all properties of component and sometimes only need to use properties.

In fact, neither pure white-box nor black-box frameworks are practical in the real world. In real world by mixing of white-box frameworks and black-box frameworks effectively create a gray-box frameworks.

What is Multitasking and Multithreading?

Hello guys, here discuss meaning of multitasking and multithreading with differences.

Multitasking

Difference Between Multitasking and Multithreading

	Multitasking	Multithreading
1.	Multiple task(process) processed in computer.	Single task(process) has multiple sub tasks(threads).
2.	A program in running state called process(task).	During exicution, process(task) divides into subprocess(subtask) called thread
3.	Each task is a heavy-weight process.	Each thread is light-weight process.
4.	Each task has own memory location.	All threads share common memory space.
5.	Multitasking used for utilization of CPU.	Multithreading for maximum CPU utilization. When task exicutes then sub tasks like input/output operations, read from file etc. During input output operations CPU becomes idle SO multithreading helps to reduce idle time of CPU and CPU utilization optimally.
6.	Multiple task like running antivirus, printing document, listening music, copying data etc.	Multiple thread in single task like taking input stream, processing data, drawing graphics on screen etc.

Multithreading

What is Dofollow and Nofollow Links?

What is Dofollow link?

Dofollow is a default value of anchor tag(<a>) rel attribute. It is a link building technique. It is used for back linking purpose. Back linking means how many incoming links to your website. It helps to increase your Google page rank. It is also for optimizing search engine.

Example to make a dofollow link:-
In anchor tag no need to specify dofollow value of rel attribute. Default anchor tag is dofollow type.
<a href=”http://www.sampleexamples.com”>Sample Examples</a>

Importance of rel attribute of Anchor tag:-
rel attribute is used to specify relationship between linked document to current document.

<a rel="value">

What is Nofollow link?

It is a HTML anchor tag <a> rel attribute value. It tells to search engine that particular link should not follow by search engine index. When a link with nofollow then it's not impact on search engine index. Basically make nofollow link for paid links.
To make a nofollow link, essential to write nofollow value of rel attribute of HTML anchor tag.

Example to make a nofollow link
<a href="http://www.sampleexamples.com" rel="nofollow">Sample Examples</a>


Hope, you get difference between dofollow and nofollow links.

Exception Handling Program in Java - How to Handle Exception in Java

This is sample example for how to handle exception in Java Programming. Here we handle error occurs due to array index out of bound.
Here handle error of array size exceed. In this example "exception_demo.java", array size is 10. Means we can insert element into array from arr[0] to arr[9] position. But trying to insert element at arr[10]. So ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs.

Program Code

//This program illustrates the Exception in a program.
public class exception_demo
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  int []arr=new int[10];
  try
  {
   arr[10]=40; // Error occurs because arr range from 0 to 9
  }
  catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
  {  
   System.out.println("Error Caught:  Array index out of bounds");
   arr[9]=40;
  }
  System.out.println("Beyond the exception point");
  System.out.println("Last element of array = "+arr[9]);
 }
}

Output

What is ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException?

It is one of unchecked exception. Such exceptions are not listed in the list. This is identified at runtime. This occurs when array index is beyond the bounds means array size lime exceed.

Hope, this java code helps to understand exception handling in Java.

Java File Handling Program - How to Handle File in Java

It is a java example to demonstrate how to handle any File using Java programming. In this program open a file and show the complete data of file as a output.

File Name - "FILE_MAIN.java"
Output of this program is as same as compiled program. It's open program file and print complete program copy as a output.


Program Code
//program output is program itself which compiled

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class FILE_MAIN
{  
 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException
 { 
  FileReader dataFile = new FileReader("FILE_MAIN.java");
  Scanner FileRead = new Scanner(dataFile);
  while (FileRead.hasNextLine())
  {
   String Line1 = FileRead.nextLine();
   System.out.println(Line1);
  }
  FileRead.close();
 }
}

Output
Save file name as "FILE_MAIN.java".

It is a example of File Handling. In this program output is same copy of program itself.

Hope, it's helpful to understanding Java file handling.

Difference Between C++ and Java - Java Advantages over C++

Hello guys, Today I am going to discuss "Difference Between C++ and Java - Java Advantages over C++". Previously discussed difference between C and C++.

Difference Between C++ and Java

	C++	Java
1.	Write once, compile anywhere	Write once, run anywhere / everywhere. Full support to Platform Independency.
2.	C++ supports operator overloading for almost all operators.	Not supported by Java ,the (+) and (+=) operators are automatically overloaded to concatenate strings, and to convert other types to string in the process.
3.	C++ supports complex pointer concept.	Java does not support pointers.
4.	An array in C++ is not bounds checked.	An array in Java is bounds checked, but with extra runtime cost.
5.	C++ full support to Multiple Inheritance concept.	Java not direct support to multiple inheritance but implements by using interface concept.
6.	Compatible with C source code.	Not compatible with previous language like c,c++.
7.	C++ does not support interface concept.	Java supports interface concept.
8.	Scope resolution operator supported by C++.	Not used in Java.
9.	Structure and Union used in C++.	Not used in Java.
10.	A class definition in C++ has a closing semicolon(;).	A class definition in Java looks similar to a class definition in C++, but there is no closing semicolon.
11.	C++ supports destructors concept.	Automatic garbage collection (can be triggered manually). Doesn't have the concept of Destructor.
12.	C++ supports templates concept.	Java does not support templates.
13.	C++ supports GOTO statement.	Not supported by Java.
14.	C++ is more complex than Java.	It is simpler than C++.
15.	C++ doesn't have automatic garbage collector.	In Java memory management through automatic garbage collector.

Hope, you like this post.

Generate Prime Number Series in Java Programming

It is a java program where accept a number form user and generate prime number series from 1 to accepted number.
Example: If accepted number from user is: 1000

Prime number series from 1 to 1000 is:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281, 283, 293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 409, 419, 421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607, 613, 617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709, 719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811, 821, 823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941, 947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997

Total 168 prime numbers from 1 to 1000

Program Code

//Prime Number Series
import java.util.*;
class prime_series
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  Scanner object1=new Scanner(System.in);
  System.out.println("********Prime Number Series Program********");
  System.out.print("Enter any number to generate prime no series: ");
  int num=object1.nextInt();
  System.out.println("");
  System.out.println("Prime number series from 1 to "+num);
  System.out.println("");
  for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
  { 
   int count=1; 
   for(int j=2;j<i;j++)
   {
    if(i%j==0)
    {
     count=0;
     break;
    }
   }
   if(count==1&&i!=1) 
   System.out.print("\t\t"+i);
  }
 
 }
}

Output
Save program as "prime_series.java"

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Java Prime Number Program - Check Number is Prime or Not

It is sample java example of prime number. In this java program user input any number. Program checks accepted number is prime number or not a prime number.

Program Code

//Java Prime Number Program
import java.util.*;
class PRIME
{
 int prime(int n)
 {
  int i;
  for(i=2;i<=n/2;i++)
  {
   if((n%i)==0)
   {
    break;
   }
  }
  if(i>n/2 && n!=1)
  return 1;
  return 0;
 }
}
public class PRIME_MAIN
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  PRIME p1=new PRIME();
  Scanner object1=new Scanner(System.in);
  System.out.println("");
  System.out.println("******PRIME NUMBER PROGRAM******");
  System.out.print("Enter any number: ");
  int num=object1.nextInt();
  int flag=p1.prime(num);
  if(flag==1)
  System.out.println(num+" is a prime number");
  else
  System.out.println(num+" is not a prime number");
 }
}

Output
Copy code and paste into notepad and save as "PRIME_MAIN.java".

Factorial Program in Java Using Class

It is a factorial program in java using class and method.
Public class is fact_main where main method is defined. Another class Factorial where fact method is defined.

Aim: Write a java program to calculate factorial of a number using class concept

Java Program Code

import java.util.*;
class Factorial
{
 private int i=1; 
 public int fact(int n)
 { 
  while(n>0)
  {
   i=i*n; 
   n--;
  }
  return i;
 }
}

public class fact_main
{
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  Factorial fact1=new Factorial();
  Scanner object1= new Scanner(System.in);
  System.out.println("******** FACTORIAL PROGRAM ********");
  System.out.print("Enter number to find factorial: ");
  int num=object1.nextInt();
  int k=fact1.fact(num);
  System.out.println("Factorial of "+num+" is:  "+k);
 }
}

Output
Program name: fact_main.java

Generate Pascal Triangle in Java - Java Code for Pascal Triangle

It is a basic program to generate pascal triangle in Java language.

Pascal Triangle
It is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. Named Pascal comes from French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. In the program user input number. It generate rows for input number. In first row there is only the number 1. From all next rows, add the number directly above and to the left with the number directly above and to the right to find the new value.

Program Code

//Java Program to print Pascal Triangle
import java.util.*;
class Pascal 
{ 
 public static void main(String[] args) 
 { 
    System.out.print("Enter no of rows for pascal triangle: ");
    Scanner console=new Scanner(System.in);
    int num=console.nextInt();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
                  {
                        int c = 1;
 
                        for(int j = 0;j < num-i; j++)
                        {
                              System.out.print("   "); //blank space
                        }
 
                        for(int k = 0; k <= i; k++)
                        {
                              System.out.print("   ");
                              System.out.print(c); //print c value 
                              System.out.print(" ");
                              c = c * (i - k) / (k + 1);
                        }
    System.out.println();
                        System.out.println();
                  }
                  System.out.println();       
    }
}

Input/Output
Save Program at your system by name "Pascal.java".

Input
Enter value for number of rows you want in pascal triangle

Output

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